Kay LaurenceKay Laurence (Learning About Dogs) · 글
Key Skills Seeing with New Eyes(새로운 시각으로 보기 핵심 기술)Key Skills Life with Dogs(반려견과 함께하는 삶 핵심 기술)Puppies : First Year(강아지: 첫 1년)Connection Collective(유대감 공동체)Every Dog Every Day Book(모든 개, 매일의 책)Teaching with Reinforcement Book(강화와 함께 가르치기 책)Training with Food(음식을 활용한 훈련)Skills(기술)은 반려견의 삶에 직접적인 영향을 미침mindset(사고방식)으로 배울 수 있음training geeks(훈련 마니아)들을 위한 것임training(훈련)과 learning(학습)은 전혀 다른 것임herding game(몰이 게임)은 테니스 선수에게 축구를 성공하라고 강요하는 것과 같음behaviourists’ models of reinforcement, punishment, shaping, extinction(행동주의자들의 강화, 처벌, 조성, 소거 모델)에 익숙해지는 것은 우리가 개나 사람을 바라볼 때 시야가 좁아지는 것을 방지함Training(훈련)은 개에게 '가해지는(TO)' 행위임Learning(학습)은 개를 '위해 행해지는(FOR)' 행위임mat(매트)나 platform(플랫폼) 같은 target(타겟)으로 가도록 가르치기 시작함outcome(결과)에 맞춰짐 (개가 물체 위에 발을 올리거나 정착하는 것)location(장소)도 함께 인지함food-machine(음식 공급기, 즉 보호자)과 어떤 상대적 위치에 있는지Connection(유대감)은 매우 개별적인 것임basic(기본)이라는 단어는 종종 '얕은'이라는 의미와 동의어로 조롱받음foundational(기반이 되는), profound(심오한), supportive(지지하는)recipes for training(훈련을 위한 레시피)이 너무나 만연해서, 그것의 존재 자체가 의심받지 않는 경우가 많음learners(학습자)들을 길러낼 수 있음intrinsic pleasure(내재적 즐거움)를 줄 때, 굳이 인위적인 재미를 더할 필요가 없음mechanics(기술적 기법)를 갖추는 것에만 머물러 있다면, 스스로를 좁은 구석에 가두는 결과를 초래할 수 있음teach(가르치다)나 train(훈련하다)이라는 단어를 사용할 때, 그 단어가 내포하는 작동 방식은 그 과정의 주도권이 teacher(교사)나 trainer(훈련사)에게 있음을 의미함Spectator (구경꾼) 훈련: 그룹의 다른 구성원이 훈련을 하는 동안, 한 마리의 반려견이 조용히 쉬면서 지켜보도록 훈련하는 방법.Shaping (조형)과 보상Shaping by rewards (보상을 통한 조형): 반려견이 잠재적인 갈등으로 이어질 수 있는 행동을 보일 때, 첫 번째 질문은 "어떤 보상들이 이용 가능한가?(what rewards are available?)"임.Preparation (준비): 이사를 가기 전이나 training session (훈련 세션)을 시작하기 전, 스트레스 없는 학습을 위한 핵심 요소.More than words (단어 그 이상): 우리는 반려견이 단어와 신호의 의미를 이해하기를 기대함.actionable response)으로 이어지지는 않음.Luring (유도)의 다양한 기법Not all lures contain food (모든 유인물이 음식을 포함하는 것은 아님): "행동을 이끌어내기 위해 강화물을 직접 사용하는 것(the direct use of the reinforcer to elicit the behaviour)"을 항상 염두에 두어야 하며, 다양한 대안적 유인물(lures)이 존재함.Remote lures (원격 유인물): 손이나 주머니에서 분리된 원거리 유인물. reward stations (보상 스테이션), patterns (패턴), containers (용기)를 활용함.Luring: Hand lures (손 유인물): 손 유인물을 활용한 명확한 소통 기술 습득.collect (수집/준비)engage (관여/집중)follow (따라오기)feed (보상 제공)The choice of lure (유인물 선택): luring은 트레이너에게 필수 기술을 가르침.cue (신호)의 역동적인 움직임을 설명하는 법.Duration: sustaining movement (지속성: 움직임 유지): 특정 움직임을 지속하고 유지하는 것.Cue Seeking (신호 탐색): 더 많은 보상을 얻기 위해 능동적인 학습자가 되어 기회를 찾는 것.Going Shopping (쇼핑 가기): 반려견과 함께하는 공동 여행 모험. 학습을 완전히 초기화(resets)하며, 강화 과정을 쉽게 확장할 수 있음.A teaching plan (교육 계획): 앞날을 위한 경로이자 성공을 위한 로드맵. 무엇을, 왜, 언제, 어떻게 할지에 대한 상세 내용.A Cue or not a cue? (신호인가 아닌가?):antecedent selection (선행 조건 선택)에 대한 사려 깊은 계획과 관련성을 잘 이해함으로써, 반려견에게 불필요한 것을 걸러내고 운동의 핵심(bones of the exercise)을 찾는 기술을 가르칠 수 있음.distractions (산만한 요소)와 cues (신호)를 구분하는 데 필수적임.distractions는 대체 보상 기회를 위한 또 다른 신호일 뿐이며, cues는 성공을 보장하는 신호임.When we train a dog it grows (반려견을 훈련할 때 그것은 성장함): 대부분의 훈련은 필요에 의해 시작됨.Management (관리)는 필수적인 요소이나, 보통 갈등을 줄임으로써 모든 당사자에게 이익이 됨.Duration or is it Breakfast in Bed? (지속성인가, 아니면 침대 위 아침 식사인가?): duration (지속성)을 가르치는 것은 무엇인지, 어떻게 가르쳐야 하는지에 대한 이해가 매우 혼란스러워짐.Fast does not mean better (빠른 것이 더 나은 것은 아님): 우리는 속도 지상주의 문화에 둘러싸여 있음.immediate gratification)만이 유일한 해결책이라고 판매되고 있음.Stop doing that …. Can we teach an effective Cease That Behaviour? (그 행동을 멈춰라…. 효과적으로 행동을 중단시키는 것을 가르칠 수 있을까?):Nose target은 많은 반려견과 다른 동물들에게 가르치는 인기 있는 행동입니다.sit(앉아)이나 down(엎드려)을 가르치는 것으로 시작하며, 이는 reinforcement(강화)를 이용한 초기 훈련 경험 중 하나입니다.sit이나 down이 terminal behaviour(종결 행동)입니까, 아니면 temporary position(일시적인 자세)입니까?positive reinforcement(긍정 강화)를 이용한 교육 프로토콜이 많이 존재함에도 불구하고, 반려견이 error(실수)를 하도록 상황을 설정해야 한다는 고정관념이 여전히 지속되고 있습니다.error란 단순히 나의 기대치와 반려견의 반응 사이의 차이일 뿐입니다.distractions(방해 요소)에 집중하지 말고, faded-in environments(점진적으로 도입되는 환경)를 사용하십시오.being a clicker trainer라는 개념은 과학 및 기술과 공존할 수 없기 때문에 항상 논쟁과 오해를 불러일으킵니다.clicker 자체는 교육 시 technology(기술)와 결합하여 사용될 때 명확성과 이해도를 제공하는 단순한 도구일 뿐입니다.learning pathway(학습 경로)는 반려견의 앞날을 위해 그 특정한 학습자에게 적합한 속도로 신중하게 계획되어야 합니다.learner(학습자)들을 길러낼 수 있습니다.non-experienced(경험이 없는) 사람들이나 현 세대의 imposters(사기꾼들)는 코스를 수강하고, 책을 읽고, 수료증을 받았지만, 주제나 프로토콜, 방법에 대한 지식과 이해를 깊게 할 experience(경험)를 아직 쌓지 못했습니다.Border Collie에 관해 귀 모양, 털 색깔이나 질감, 심지어 눈 색깔이 그 개의 성격을 나타내는 지표라는 근거 없는 믿음(myth)이 존재합니다.anxiety(불안)와 avoidance(회피)를 갖게 됩니다.error는 feedback(피드백)입니다.Collie에게 impulse control(충동 조절)을 가르치는 것은 그들의 욕구를 다루는 방식에 있어 잘못된 생각이며, 확실히 도움이 되지 않는 방법입니다.Active Learner(능동적 학습자)입니까?Key Skills Seeing with New Eyes ➤ Key Skills Life with Dogs Puppies : First Year Connection Collective Every Dog Every Day Book Teaching with Reinforcement Book Training with Food Skills have a direct impact on the life of our dogs We can learn to do better. We can learn with a different mindset. Likely to expand your horizon, make you ask questions of yourself, your understanding and your expectations. For browsers, for passers-by and of course for training geeks. Living well through movement “The purpose of learning is to get more or better rewards” W. Shultz Can we assume that the more we learn the more rewards we can enjoy? Often these... read more... What We Get Right About Dogs We can learn from remarkable people who have worked with remarkable dogs: training and learning are not the same thing at all. read more... Herding Games For All Dogs? The wrong herding game is like trying to make a tennis player succeed at football read more... Teaching People: more than rewards and reinforcers Familiarisation with the behaviourists’ models of reinforcement, punishment, shaping, extinction, can prevent us from looking outside the windows for either dogs or people … read more... Cognitive Approach for the Dogs Training is something done TO the dog. Learning that is something done FOR the dogs. read more... Location is Their Cue We begin teaching the dog to go to a target, such as a mat or platform and in this process our focus is on the outcome – the dog can place feet on the object or settle down. But at the same time this learning is happening the dog is also noting the location: where this is happening in this room, in the house, relative to the food-machine (you). read more... Cue Seeking is Connection Connection is very individual and to be authentic we have to observe, slow down, understand our dogs and meet them where they are. read more... Back to Basics? The word “basic” is often derided as synonymous with “shallow,” but in its origins it is the very opposite: foundational, profound, supportive. read more... Do you see what I see Doing better is the reward from doing the work. This work needs to be the right work at the right time with the right intent done in the right way. read more... What’s Cooking? A Warning About Recipes Recipes for “training” dogs are so prevalent in how we live with and talk about them that their existence often goes unquestioned. read more... Dogs are Born To Learn We can build tremendous learners when we get beyond the idea that “dogs are trained”. read more... Why add fun? When an activity gives intrinsic pleasure we do n
ot need to add fun. read more... No room for mechanics If your ambition is to have good mechanics in communication to animals then you may find yourself blocked into a tight corner read more... Evidence of learning When we use the words “teach” or “train” child, person or dog, the operative term implies that the process is under the ownership of the teacher or trainer. What your teacher thinks you have learned may not be what you actually learned. read more... One dog watching The other dog working or ….how to train the spectators to quietly rest and watch whilst you work, play, teach a single member of the group read more... Shaping by rewards When I see a dog showing a behaviour that is heading towards potential conflict, my first question is “what rewards are available?” read more... Preparation Preparation: before moving house or a training session, a key to stress free learning read more... More than words We expect our dogs to understand the meaning of words and signals, but if you have ever worked with computers you will know that what you say doesn’t always turn into an actionable response. read more... Not all lures contain food “the direct use of the reinforcer to elicit the behaviour” This should always be foremost in our mind, in that many alternatives lures are available. read more... Remote lures Lures at a distance, separated from hands, pockets . Using reward stations, patterns, containers read more... Luring: Hand lures Learning the skills for clear communication with hand-lure: collect, engage, follow, feed. read more... Duration: sustaining movement Continuing and maintaining a specific movement read more... Cue Seeking Being an active learner and seeking opportunities for more rewards read more... Going Shopping This is a joint travelling adventure. It completely resets the learning and can easily extend the reinforcement process. read more... A teaching plan The pathway ahead, a road map for success. Details of what, why, when, how. read more... A Cue or not a cue? With thoughtful planning and a good understanding of the relevance of antecedent selection we can teach the dog the skills of sorting the wheat from the chaff, finding the bones of the exercise. This skill is critical to being able to distinguish between distractions, which are just cues for an alternative reward opportunity, and cues which signify a guarantee of success. read more... When we train a dog it grows Most training starts from necessity. Management is a necessity but it usually benefits all parties by a reduction of conflict. Are they expanding their skills to
benefit us or for their benefit? read more... The choice of lure Luring teaches trainers essential skills: how to use suggestion and guidance, explain dynamic movement in the cues from our hands. read more... Duration or is it Breakfast in Bed? Teaching duration has become a very muddied understanding or what it is and how to teach it. This is partly due to how we use words that are the same but have entirely different meanings. read more... Fast does not mean better We are becoming surrounded by a culture of fast. We are being sold that immediate gratification is the only solution. read more... Stop doing that …. Can we teach an effective Cease That Behaviour? Absolutely. We can teach that positively, without harm, and we should teach them the skills of stopping that and doing this instead. read more... Nose Target. No thanks Nose target is a popular behaviour taught to many dogs, and other animals. It seems easy to teach and have practical application, but it is often not such a pleasant experience for all dogs. There are many other options available that give the same practical benefit, without the unpleasant extremes. read more... Release cue or stay cue Many of us begin with teaching sit or down, and this is one of the earliest experiences of training with reinforcement. Is the sit, or down, going to be a terminal behaviour, or a temporary position? read more... The Fade-in Protocol Even though today we are surrounded by many available protocols for teaching with positive reinforcement, there is still a persistence that a dog should be set-up to make an error. An error is simply the difference between my expectation and the dog’s response. No more “distractions”, but faded-in environments. read more... Reasons to use a clicker The concept of “being a clicker trainer” is always going to lead to argument and misunderstanding because it cannot exist alongside the science and technology. It is a “fakery” of our time. The clicker itself is a simple tool that when used in conjunction with technology provides clarity and understanding in teaching. read more... It’s Not Training A carefully planned learning pathway, paced to suit that particular learner for their life ahead. Read More Be-toothed Learning Machines The thing they don’t tell you is that raising a puppy is DANGED HARD WORK. Biting everything, peeing everywhere, eating anything; not for the faint hearted. Read More Dogs are Born To Learn We can build tremendous learners when we get beyond the idea that “dogs are trained”. Read More The Value of Experience The non-experienced, or current generati
on of imposters, have attended a course, read a book, got a certificate and have yet to gain experience to deepen their knowledge or understanding of the subject, protocol, method … Read More Science Doesn’t Have All the Answers We lean on science in our efforts to bridge the gap as though it provides the answers to how things should be rather than describing how things are understood. Read More The Cost of Cherrypicking When we admit that the ideas we’re sharing are derived from the work of others, we demonstrate our own commitment to learning Read More Construction or suppression Looking at the way the behaviour is carried out is the most important element, and that is the product of all the considerations. Read More Ear Myths There is a myth surrounding Border Collies that ear shape, coat colour or texture, and even eye colour are indicators of that dog’s personality,... Read More The Need to Correct an Error When learning is littered with costly mistakes we will carry anxiety and avoidance. Errors are feedback. There should be no fear of error just opportunities to learn. Read More Do We Want Impulse Control? Teaching your Collie “impulse control” is the wrong way of thinking about their urges, and certainly an unhelpful way of dealing with them. Read More Learning is not for spectators Are you an Active Learner? Or: Are you getting your money’s worth for online courses? It would not matter what subject we are talking about:... Read More