Kay LaurenceKay Laurence (Learning About Dogs) · 글
the oldies (노견들): 천천히 산책(potter)하는 그룹.the active (활동적인 개들): 워크숍(workshop)에 참가하는 그룹.the left overs (남은 개들): 앞서 데려가지 못해 죄책감을 느끼는 나머지 개들.toys(장난감)를 사용하는 등 다양한 전략을 활용 가능함.training sessions(훈련 세션)을 단순한 놀이가 아닌 connection(유대감)과 pleasures of learning(학습의 즐거움)을 느끼는 시간으로 인식하게 될수록, 뼈다귀와 같은 보상으로 주의를 돌리기 어려워짐을 인지해야 함.exclusion(배제)에 관한 관점:exclusion은 견디기 매우 힘들고 혼란스러운 경험임.activity(활동)의 종류는 다양해야 함.grooming(그루밍)이 필요하다면 이는 active learning sessions(적극적인 학습 세션)이 됨. 반면, grooming을 그다지 좋아하지 않는 다른 개들은 이를 차분히 기다림.learning to watch and wait(보고 기다리는 법을 배우는 것)에 대한 familiarity(친숙함)를 쌓는 과정임.training sessions 원칙:training(훈련)에 완전하고 집중된 관심을 기울임.learner(학습자), learning(학습 내용), 그리고 다음 60초에 대한 planning(계획)에 집중함.distress(고통/괴로움)를 듣는 것은 매우 불편함.punishment(처벌)로서의 exclusion이 아니라, The One(단 한 마리의 대상)에게 집중하는 순간일 뿐임.jealousy(질투)라고 묘사하는 경우도 있으나, 저자는 개들이 The One을 질투하는 것이 아니라 단지 왜 배제되는지 이해하지 못하는 것일 뿐이라고 봄.rest place(휴식 장소)에 있도록 하는 것이 좋음.oldies(노견들)나 강도 높은 개별 training을 경험해 본 적 없는 개들은 배회하거나 잊힌 treats(간식)를 찾아다니거나 근처에서 낮잠을 자기도 함.stationing(특정 위치에 대기) 시켜 차례를 기다리게 하는 잘 짜인 protocols(프로토콜)들이 많음.stress를 받으며 배제되어 지켜보는 것보다는, 잔디밭에서 sprinkles(뿌려진 간식)를 찾는 것이 거의 더 재미있는 활동이 됨.education(교육)을 시작했을 때, 의붓부모 격인 Time과 Flink는 헛간으로 와서 부엌 구역에서 휴식을 취함.exercises(연습)를 하는 동안 Time과 Flink는 부엌 주변에서 missing treats(찾지 못한 간식)를 찾으며 교대함.repertoire(레퍼토리)를 수행함.freestyle routines(프리스타일 루틴)을 위한 verbal cues(구두 신호)였음.music(음악)과 함께 하는 rehearsing(연습)이 일상이었음.verbal cues 수준에 도달했을 때, 저자는 각 cue를 줄 때마다 Time이 약간의 shiver(몸을 떠는 반응)를 보이는 것을 발견함.shiver response(몸을 떠는 반응)에 대한 해석:cues와 연관된 conditioned sense of pleasure(조건화된 즐거움).behaviour(행동)를 수행하려는 semi-readiness(준비 상태).frustration(좌절감).responses(반응)를 구축했기에, 특정 상황에서 개가 이를 무시하기를 기대해서는 안 됨.performance(수행)로 반응하지 않을 때라도, 반응하고자 하는 mental awareness(정신적 인식)는 분명히 가지고 있음.behaviours(행동) 이상을 배우지 않았고, rehearsals(연습)를 거치지도 않음.sprinkles(간식 부스러기)가 없으면 잠을 자러 감.training(훈련)은 stray food(떨어진 음식)를 얻고 낮잠을 잘 기회일 뿐이었음.food based learning(음식 기반 학습)을 할 때 Merrick을 보이지 않는 곳으로 격리함.Sheepballs 연습을 위해 정원으로 나갈 때는 Merrick이 관심을 보이지 않음.game(게임)이 아니며, 해당 cues(큐)나 activity(활동)에 대한 response(반응)가 없기 때문임.exclusion(배제) 상태에서 극도로 distressed(고통스러워함)함.activity(활동)나 심지어 나비조차도 자신을 끌어들인다고 느낌.Sheepballs를 직접 하지 않더라도, Todd와 게임이 On(진행 중)일 때는 주변을 뛰어다니며 자신의 commentary(참견/소리)를 더함.regular practice(정기적인 연습)를 통해 개들이 특정 cues(큐)에 반응하도록 condition(조건화)함.verbal(언어적) cues와 physical signals(신체적 신호)가 포함됨.spectator dogs(관찰자 개들)는 participating dog(참여하는 개)에 의해서도 cued(큐를 받음)됨.빨리 달려라)라는 cue를 줄 때, 관찰자 개가 frustrated(좌절감)를 느끼는 두 가지 순간:cue에 반응할 수 없음(예: 묶여 있거나 crated(케이지에 갇혀 있음).chase(추격), kill(죽이기), grab(잡기), jump(점프)를 하며 달리고 있는데 자신은 참여할 수 없음.instinctive level(본능적 수준)에서 반응함.kill(사냥/죽이기) 활동을 할 때 그냥 지켜만 보지 않음.polypropaline tugs(폴리프로필렌 터그), IKEA softball(이케아 소프트볼), Wimbledon bouncer(윔블던 공) 등을 대상으로 함.agility run(어질리티 런)을 위해 줄을 서는 것이 많은 개에게 악몽인 이유임.anticipation(기대감) 때문인가?handlers(핸들러)의 신호 때문인가?running-grab-bite-tug-kill(달리고-잡고-물고-당기고-죽이는) 행동 때문인가?name(이름)이 무엇인지 배우는 것.name이 아닐 때는 기다리는 법을 배우는 것.active dog(활동하는 개) 역시 지켜보는 개의 영향을 받음.group(집단)으로 생활하며 emotionally(정서적으로) 집단으로서 반응하는 법을 배움.alert(경고)를 주면 다른 개들이 지지해줌.universal responses(보편적 반응)는 global(전 지구적/모두에게 동일)하지 않음.distressing(고통스러운) 사건일지라도 다른 개들에게는 그렇지 않을 수 있음.hot air balloons(열기구) 때문에 고통받지만, 다른 개들은 신경 쓰지 않음.flying insects(날아다니는 곤충) 때문에 고통받아 방을 떠났지만, 다른 개들은 신경 쓰지 않음.spectator(관찰자)가 active dog(활동하는 개)에게 worker(작업자/방해자) 역할을 할 경우:herding(몰이), 또는 whining(낑낑거림)은 활동하는 개에게 threatened(위협)을 느끼게 할 수 있음.prey practice(사냥감 연습) 대상으로 사용할 때, Zip은 이 불편함을 무시하고 떨쳐버릴 수 있음.pseudo-sheep(가짜 양) 역할을 수행함.Puppy classes(강아지 수업)에서 strong eyed collie pup(강한 눈빛의 콜리 강아지)은 다른 강아지들에게 악몽이 될 수 있음.predator(포식자)의 prey-focus(사냥감 표적)가 되었을 때 불편함을 느낌.conditioned(조건화)될지 고려해야 함.cue(신호)를 사용할 수 있음.cue의 개수가 적을 때는 합리적임. 예를 들어 sheepdog training(양치기 개 훈련)에서 개들은 필드 위에서 단 4개의 cue만 배움.worked as pairs(한 쌍으로 작업)할 때는, 각 개마다 왼쪽, 오른쪽, 멈춤, 전진에 대한 서로 다른 cue 세트를 가짐.Working a brace(두 마리 조로 작업)는 빠르게 통제 불능 상태가 될 수 있음.cue를 들었을 때, 각 개가 멈추도록 훈련하는 것이 일반적임. 이는 shepherd’s canniness(양치기의 기민함)에서 온 것임.cue가 몇 개 이상이라면, 동일한 cue를 사용하거나, 한 마리는 영어로, 다른 한 마리는 웨일스어, 프랑스어, 일본어 등으로 훈련하는 것이 더 안전함.pre-cue(사전 신호)로 사용함.cue가 몇 개일 때는 작동하지만, 시간과 많은 연습이 지나면 개는 자신의 "go" cue(출발 신호)를 먼저 듣지 않는 한, 단순 cue를 식별하는 데 어려움을 겪게 됨.cue 결합의 부작용reward(보상)가 없다는 것을 배우게 됨.eye contact(시각적 접촉)를 함.group activity(그룹 활동)로 가르치며, 특정 개에게는 이름을 불러 "not you"(너는 아니야)라는 의미로도 사용함.verbal signal(언어적 신호)과 visual signal(시각적 신호)이 모두 필요함.hunt-for-sprinkles(간식 찾아내기 놀이)를 설정하여, 단순히 지켜보는 것보다 가치가 더 큰 resting places(휴식 장소)나 위치에 대한 연관성을 구축함.resting place는 결코 질 좋은 휴식처가 아님.Best Treats(최고의 간식)가 가득하고, 다른 개들과 건강한 경쟁을 하며 최대한 많이 간식을 모을 수 있다면, Todd에게 자신의 'No 1 Child'(가장 사랑받는 첫째) 지위를 내어주는 것도 만족스러워함.training sessions(훈련 세션)과 연습의 즐거움과 가치를 경험함.individual history(개별적 역사), genetics(유전적 요인), age(나이)에 따라 다름.protocol(프로토콜)을 모든 반려견에게 적용하더라도 반응, 좌절감을 느끼는 지점, 수면 가능 여부 등은 매우 개별적임.recipes(레시피)와 마찬가지로, learning(학습)은 개별화된 경로를 따름.adapt(적응/조정)해야 함.It’s Not Training (훈련이 아니다): 반려견의 앞날을 위해 그 학습자에게 적합한 속도로 세심하게 계획된 learning pathway(학습 경로).A New Puppy. Oh Joy. (새 강아지. 오 기쁨.): 잘못된 소파를 충동구매하는 것은 비용을 감수하면 해결되지만, 강아지를 충동구매하는 것은 가족에게 개인적인 슬픔을 주고, 강아지의 미래를 불행하게 하거나 생명을 끝내는 결과를 초래할 수 있음.Don’t Let Them Learn (그들이 학습하게 두지 마라): 우리가 premier learners(최고의 학습자)인 개들과 삶을 공유하고 있다는 사실을 인식하는 것은, 향후 겪게 될 좌절, 절망, 불안, 끝없는 시간을 줄여줌.Dogs are Born To Learn (개는 배우기 위해 태어났다): "dogs are trained"(개는 훈련받는 것)라는 생각을 넘어설 때, 우리는 엄청난 학습자를 길러낼 수 있음.Obnoxious Puppy (불쾌한 강아지): 새 강아지의 기쁨은 아마 몇 주, 운이 좋아도 4주 정도 지속됨.The Experienced Dog (경험 많은 개): 반려견이 충분한 준비를 마쳤다는 것은 모든 상황을 대비했다는 뜻이 아니라, 다양한 조건을 경험하여 예상치 못한 일이 발생했을 때 자신의 기술을 활용해 문제를 해결할 수 있다는 의미임.Isolation hell or solitude heaven? (격리의 지옥인가, 고독의 천국인가?): 낯선 시대는 종종 새로운 통찰력과 이해를 낳음.One day you will love him again (언젠가 다시 그를 사랑하게 될 것이다): 사랑스럽고 실수 없던 강아지가 이제는 살아있는 공포 영화처럼 느껴질 때가 있음.positive reinforcement(긍정 강화)를 사용하고 싶어 하며, 마음은 일어나지 않는 일(부정적인 행동)이 성공적으로 통제되는 것에 집중함.reinforcement(강화)는 '일어나지 않는 것'이 아니라 '일어나는 것'에 결부되며, 강화되고 있는 수많은 다양한 행동을 선택적으로 골라낼 수는 없음.How do you know what you don’t know? (당신은 자신이 무엇을 모르는지 어떻게 아는가?): 전문가를 신뢰하는 시대는 빠르게 저물고 있음.professional(전문가)인지, 그리고 진짜 전문가와 self-styled(자칭 전문가), fake(가짜 전문가)의 차이가 무엇인지 더 이상 확신할 수 없음.authenticity(진정성)와 smart marketing(영리한 마케팅)을 구분하는 데 어려움을 겪고 있음.One dog watching by Kay Laurence | Key Skills and Training The other dog working A multiple dog household is very common amongst trainers and other dog enthusiasts. It provides enrichment for the individuals that enjoy the company of their own species with play social games and group activities. Normal. The regular question that is pushed in my direction: how to train the spectators to quietly rest and watch whilst you work, play, teach a single member of the group? I have shared my house with a family of dogs since dogs arrived. I may take the singles away from the group for outings with me and I find these events useful to build the connection when the rest of the group are absent. Groups outings are often split in various combinations: the oldies for a potter, the active for a workshop and the left overs because I feel guilty for not taking them with me earlier. Some dogs are in all groups! The routine of You: come along now, but stay behind later, is normal. I make the effort to avoid everyone going everywhere to build familiarity of being left behind, but not alone. Daily individual learning with me, even grooming, is usually a one-by-one event. We have regular sessions of group learning through the day: everyone in the house, everyone out the house, every settle down, everyone this way, everyone stop, and these behaviours are being continually rewarded by the group responses and a pocket of biscuits. With many of my dogs being home bred, learning to be an individual rather than part of the litter, or a shadow of the dam, is a particular activity I am aware needs focus. The dam is often content to let the pup do the work, after all, she has earned a rest, and handing over parenting duties is always welcome. She will be content to watch. The pup, not so, being excluded from the dam’s activities is counter intuitive. Nature has designed the learning of life skills through mimicking, engaging, watching, learning, discovering. There are activities the adults will push the youngsters away from and expect them to spectate – de-meating a bone is a clear example. Time is enjoying a bone and very aware of being watched by Merrick when she was about 6 months old. Plan for your future My usual routine for a morning of individual learning is to begin with the youngest, and work up the ages to the more mature dogs. Although it may not be relevant to your situation, Gordon Before Collie, my patience wears paper thin when the other way around. The youngest will find it the hardest to be excluded, but after some quality time, plenty of treats or play, they find set
tling easier. Learning their watching-skills begin with me putting the older dog through some familiar behaviours that do not need my full attention and rewards are delivered equally – one for the active dog and one for the pup. The pup will be either behind a gate, or half door, or resting in the vehicle. These locations are specific “watching” locations for the future. Time as a 12 week old pup, separated from his doting grand-mother. Early learning about separation earning its own rewards. You can employ different strategies for the watching behaviour, including toys that keep them busier for longer, but remember as they grow to find training sessions more about connection and the pleasures of learning the less they will be palmed off with a bone to chew. Exclusion from the key members of the group is extremely hard for some dogs to tolerate and very confusing. The type of activity they are excluded from should vary. If a particular pup needs much grooming in the future, then these are active learning sessions, but the other dogs who may not find grooming a critical pleasure will settle and await their turn. This is all building the familiarity of learning to watch and wait. No collie fancies the degree of grooming it takes for a Gordon, they are content to be excluded and wait for the monthly dust off. Out of sight, out of harm My training sessions are designed to be short and top quality. I give training my full, and undivided, attention and concentrate on the learner, the learning and planning for the next 60 seconds. I find disturbing to hear the distress of the non-participants. They cannot understand why they are not able to join in and I have yet to find a way to explain it to them. It is not a punishment of deliberate exclusion but a moment of focus for The One individual. On occasion I have heard this described as jealousy, but I cannot agree they are jealous of The One, but simply do not understand why they are being excluded. I prefer them to be at their rest place, where they cannot see or hear what I am doing. They will not know they are being excluded. But. The oldies, and those that have never really been part of the intense, individual training, often wander around, scout out for forgotten treats, and nap nearby. Emotional stress I know there is a whole raft of well-considered protocols for stationing the spectators to await their turn. It reminds me of the circus troupe where each elephant or seal lion, returns to their pod, whilst the others run through their tricks. It is probably considered cool? Along with the glittery outfit and
amazing tricks. Search the lawn for sprinkles, avoid the stress of watching and being excluded - this is almost more fun. When Merrick began her more formal education both Time and Flink, her pseudo parents, would come over to the barn and rest in the kitchen area. This was out of sight, but not out of hearing. Merrick would run through her exercises and then swap out to search for those missing treats around the kitchen whilst Time went through his repertoire. Much of this would be verbal cues for freestyle routines. Rehearsing with music was the norm. When Merrick was ready for this level of verbal cues I noticed that when I gave each cue Time, would give a little shiver. He would settle himself, chin to the floor and just listen. The shiver response may have been a conditioned sense of pleasure associated with these cues or a semi-readiness to carry out the behaviour or a frustration of wanting to respond, but not being able to. We spend hundreds of hours building the responses and cannot expect the dog to ignore them in specific conditions. They may not be responding, with full performance, but there is certainly a mental awareness of wanting to respond. Flink, who never really learned more than a handful of behaviours, never competed or went through the daily rehearsals would settle to sleep once the floor was clear of sprinkles. To her, another dog training was an opportunity for stray food and a nap. Once I was aware of this, Time was always out of sight and out of hearing when Merrick was practicing. Goes around again Now it is Merrick’s turn to be out of sight and out of hearing when I am training with Todd, but only for the food based learning. If I take him to the garden for Sheepballs practice she has no interest, it was never her game and she has no response to those cues, or the activity. Zip, cannot possibly watch and becomes extremely distressed at the exclusion. For her, visually acute, all activity with me, or butterflies, draws her in. She needs to be physically moving around when even though she does not play Sheepballs, when the game is On with Todd, she will race around the perimeter adding her own commentary. She now goes out of view when I practice with Todd. Conditioning and Instinctive response Through regular practice we condition our dogs to perform responses to specific cues, some of these are verbal some are physical signals. As the dogs respond the spectator dogs are also being cued by the participating dog. If I cue the dog to “go”: run fast , there are two moments the spectator can become frustrated Not being able to resp
ond to my cue (they may be hitched up or crated) Their pal, and mate, is running fast to chase, kill grab, jump and they cannot join in. Yep, I would get a little testy too. Many dogs have evolved to want to join group activity and are responding at the instinctive level. They do not spectate when their family goes for a kill – be in polypropaline tugs, IKEA softball, or Wimbledon bouncer. Imagine being extremely skilled at a particular activity that you derive much pleasure from and have to become passive whilst watching….. Particular when the participant repeatedly screws it up ……. No wonder queueing for an agility run is a nightmare for many dogs. Is it simple anticipation of their forthcoming pleasure, or the signals from the handlers they are watching, or the running-grab-bite-tug-kill, of the dog they are seeing …? Learning which is their name, and learning to wait when it is not your name ..... Another dog’s prey The active dog can also be affected by a watching dog. They live as a group and learn to respond emotionally as a group. As one dog gives the alert for possible intruders they will be supported by others in the group. The universal responses are not global, one dog may find a particular event distressing, but this is not matched by the others. Flink is plagued by hot air balloons, but none of the others are bothered. Time was always distressed by flying insects and would leave the room, it never bothered the others. If the spectator is a “worker” to the active dog, their running around, herding or even whining, can cause the active dog to feel threatened. No collie likes to be another collie’s sheep, but they can focus on their own sheep when engaged and ignore this insult. Todd "working" or using Zip as prey practice. Zip can ignore this and throw off the discomfort because she is "working" me .... I am her pseudo-sheep. Puppy classes with a strong eyed collie pup can be a nightmare for other pups – instinctively they will feel discomfort when they are the prey-focus of a predator. Set up for success If you know that one-dog-watching is going to be a pattern of your future, invest some consideration into how the spectators and participants will cope and be conditioned. You can use different cues for each dog. This is reasonable when the number of cues may be low, for instance in sheepdog training the dogs will only learn 4 cues on the field. When they are worked as pairs, each dog has a different set of cues for left, right, stop and walk on. Working a brace can get out of hand quite quickly so it is common to train each dog to come to a
stop, when they hear their partner’s cue to move. A bit of shepherd’s canniness. If you have to remember more than a handful, it is probably safer to use the same cues or work one dog in English and the other in Welsh, or French, or Japanese …… Name first Some folk pre-cue with the dog’s name to indicate who is to respond. This again can work with a few cues, but over time and lots of practice the dog will find it difficult to discriminate to the simple cue, unless they hear their “go” cue first. If “come” is always prefixed with their name: “ToddCome”, then it is a high probability he won’t respond to “come” immediately, there will be noticeable hesitation. Todd will have learned there is no reward for him on MerrickCome, or ZipCome. “Oh, are you talking to me?” Personally I do not want to build in moments of discrimination when I need a response without delay. It is rather similar to working with a person that finds left and right discrimination always takes a moment or two. Hard for the navigator and the rest of the traffic. I have seen excellent selection of individuals: yes I am talking to you , with eye contact to the specific dog. You, come now to get your dinner. Dinner is a seriously important event and the dogs will be watching my face to see who I look at directly. I teach this as a group activity, as well as use and individual’s name to mean “not you” to the other dogs. I need both the verbal, as well as visual, signals with a group that varies in age from the youngsters to the oldies getting deaf and a little blind. I build association of resting places, or locations that have greater value than watching, by setting up hunt-for-sprinkles in a room or area for the food invested guys. A resting place may not be consider quality resting if you are also frustrated by being excluded. A sofa for a football enthusiast is not a place to sleep when the game is on the TV. Be careful not to sour a good resting environment. Merrick is content to give up her No 1 Child status for Todd, provided the garden is well laced with Best Treats and with some healthy competition from the others she needs to collects as many of these as possible. Todd is just 12 months old and has experienced the pleasures and value of training sessions and practice. They are highlights of his day and it conversely makes the non-participation much harder. His sessions end with high energy play that encourages a need to rest whilst others participate, but I can see it becoming harder as he gets fitter and more mature. Job done will not satisfy him long term, so he will need to go o
ut of sight and out of sound very soon. Some can some can’t Those that can settle to watch and those that find it very distressing will be different personalities. Much will depend on their individual history, their genetics and age. Just because you see a row of patiently waiting and watching dogs does not mean your dogs will be able to. I may apply the same protocol to each of my dogs but how they respond, what they find frustrating, or they can sleep through is very individual. Like most recommendations or recipes, learning is an individualised pathway, and we need to consciously adapt to find the best outcome for each of our dogs. It’s Not Training A carefully planned learning pathway, paced to suit that particular learner for their life ahead. Read More A New Puppy. Oh Joy. Impulse buying the wrong sofa can be rectified if you swallow the expense. Impulse buying a puppy can result in personal grief for you and your family and quite possibly result in a very unhappy future or end the life of that puppy. Read More Don’t Let Them Learn Becoming aware that we share our lives with premier learners, dogs, is about saving you frustration, despair, anxiety and endless hours further down the road. Read More Dogs are Born To Learn We can build tremendous learners when we get beyond the idea that “dogs are trained”. Read More Obnoxious Puppy The delight of your new puppy is probably going to last a few weeks, maybe four if you are lucky. When 12 weeks old hits, and you will feel a slam, the Delight is going to demonstrate ungrateful, obnoxious traits. Read More The Experienced Dog Knowing your dog has receive sufficient preparation does not mean every eventuality, but a range of different conditions so that when the unexpected happens they will draw on their skills and solve the issue. Read More Isolation hell or solitude heaven? Strange times often give birth to new insights and understanding. Certainly a new aspect of empathy as we experience social situations that may not be of our choice. Read More One day you will love him again The puppy that you adored, could do no wrong, is now a living horror story. We want to use positive reinforcement, and our mind focuses on the success of what is not happening. But reinforcement attaches itself to something happening, not an absence and cannot select for a multitude of different things that are being reinforced. Read More How do you know what you don’t know? The age of trusting the professionals is fading fast. I am not sure anymore what exactly is a professional and the difference between genuine, self-styled and
fake? With so much information freely available and shared when we open the gate to “looking for a xyz” we are struggling to recognise authenticity from smart marketing. Read More Approval or attention seeking? Jumping up is nearly always viewed, by both positive and negative trainers as A Major Sin. It rates near the top of the list of an undesirable behaviour. Read More A Family of Multiple Dogs Another addition is not just an extra bed and bowl. It is important to build a home that is healthy, content and well-balanced. Read More Ethical questions What to ask before when we make a plan to teach Read More 1 Comment Iris Maxfield on 6th September 2021 at 8:24 pm I like this article/blog. Its living in the real world, respecting our dogs as individuals. Not expecting them all to be able deal/cope comfortably with same set ups. Reply Submit a Comment Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * Comment * Name * Email * Website Δ